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A Few Audition Tips

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Audition observations from a committee member.

Recently I had the pleasure of being on an audition committee for the Arizona Opera. It has been a while since I have served on an audition committee, and this experience reminded me of some basic tips I learned that are worth sharing to anyone out there on the audition circuit.

The three most important audition elements are tone, intonation and rhythm .

In the preliminary round, most committees are not looking for a winner right away. They are looking for candidates to pass on to the next round to listen to again in more detail – in effect, separating the wheat from the chaff.

These three elements – tone, intonation and rhythm – are the basic criteria for that task. An outstanding weakness in any of these areas can be the grounds for dismissal.

Notice that in this criteria I do not mention accuracy.

This is a given – an absolute. If you want to have any reasonable expectations of doing well at auditions, you absolutely cannot crack notes. While horn players on a committee might have a bit of empathy, other musicians do not.

A few other observations:

  • Empty condensation before entering the audition room. Making a committee wait for you to empty slides when you first sit down does not make a good impression. This is one of my personal pet peeves.
  • If the committee asks for an excerpt to be repeated, think carefully about why you were asked to do it again. Along this line of thought, if you absolutely feel that you could play something significantly better if given a second chance, ask the audition prompter if you can play it again.Be mindful that this is a risk and it can be like a double-edged sword. If you do indeed perform it better the second time, the risk pays off. If you do not perform it significantly better, you may leave the committee a bit perplexed and puzzled.
  • At a fully screened audition, wear comfortable clothes.For female players, I would suggest wearing flat-soled shoes as elevated heels can be heard from behind the screen as they click on the floor. This aside, it seems more logical (to my male mind anyway) that flat heels would be infinitely more comfortable than high heels.
  • In the first movement expositions of Mozart concertos number 2 and 4, pay special attention to the fast scale passages. At the recent audition, many candidates rushed these under pressure – especially the rests in-between each scale passage.Also, pay close attention to any adjacent octave-related notes. In an ambient room especially, octaves that do not line up are very much noticed. These two concerti have a few octave spots in each exposition that if not dead-on in tune, stick out like a sore thumb.

Humor: Never Sit in Front of Trumpets

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A new inductee into the “Hubie” Hall of Fame.

UPDATE: Sept. 9, 2009. Link updated.

This site has been around for a while, but I discovered it only recently and got a good laugh. Besides some classic bloopers that have circulated the Internet for years now, there are other non-trumpet related clips to enjoy as well.

The Hummel Concerto excerpt is a classic – a mariachi jazzer takes out his frustrations with hilarious consequences.

On the flip side:

One sample that captured my attention beyond the obvious humor was a recording made by a trumpet player sitting behind a horn section during a reading of Borodine’s Polovetsian Dances. In the written commentary, the author remarks about the terrible mistakes (“clams”) coming from the horn section.

Granted, this particular excerpt from Polovetsian contains one of the oddest-sounding effects in the repertoire. The extended series of open and stopped notes in succession can draw giggles even from the most experienced horn player.

To my ears at least, other than some bad clams during this tricky stopped horn passages and the raw sound of a microphone directly behind a horn section, this didn’t sound as terrible as I had anticipated. Either I have performed in much worse sections, or the perception of what is considered “terrible” depends on perception and context.

Exercise PDF: Slurpies

Smoothing out the bumps.

Practicing in extremes – going “outside of the lines” – can help to sharpen up a problem area so that it becomes easier to manage. A previous post, “Pitch Benders,” touched on this concept with pitch-bending exercises and this new PDF download takes it a bit further.

The main goal with this series of exercises:

  • Make the slurs as blurry and “glissando-like” as possible.
  • Bend the pitches in same manner that a trombone player can with the slide, so that one note blurs into the next.
  • “Savor the flavor” and begin the glissandos as soon as you start each note. They should be extremely exaggerated, hence the nickname “slurpies.”
  • A gentle mezzo-forte dynamic is all that is really needed.

Try leaving out the tongue – begin all the notes with air only. Too much reliance on the tongue to “spit out” notes can be problematic – this exercise may correct that handicap and add more ease to your playing. You may find that over time, this exercise will smooth out “bumps” in your playing

Occasionally, I do these with nose breathing – keeping the mouthpiece on a steady embouchure during nasal inhalations. In this case, the only thing that moves is air. There is something intangible about that simplicity that adds an additional benefit.

Exercise: Slurpies

Photo credit: flickr.com/photos/listorama/2585698172/sizes/s/

Nerves and Bananas?

Nerves can be a big problem! Sometimes it is something you can’t work yourself past no matter what you try with a good mindset and careful preparation for the performance situation you face, which can be a serious problem especially for players looking to take auditions. When is it time to try something like beta blockers?

While I have never used them myself, there is a place for beta blockers and I have had several students who did make use of these. I remember the first time I knew someone who used these and we had an interesting conversation. She was a very anxious player, to the point of not being able to function on her instrument. She tried, with a prescription (!), beta blockers. In her first performance using them she was thinking to herself things like “I should be nervous, but I don’t feel nervous,” and the performance went much better than normal. They work to lower the natural “fight-or-flight” response we all have to stressful situations. In too high a dose they will take too much edge off things but the right dose can make a big difference.

This article, “Beta Blockers and Performance Anxiety in Musicians,” has quite a bit of useful information on the topic, and I like how they also cover the topic of “natural beta blockers” to an extent as well. One of my colleagues in one of my prior positions was a big fan of bananas as a natural alternate. There is something to it beyond the power of suggestion. In the article they note:

You can also try eating dairy products and turkey, which are rich in substances that are known to enhance relaxation. Some flutists recommend bananas. Nicotine and caffeine can contribute to shakiness and anxiety in some people.

I have eaten banana before a few big performances and I have also avoided caffeine before them as well. In fact I avoided caffeine for several weeks (!) before recording my second CD to be sure I could control the tone well. So laying off the caffeine and a meal of turkey, ice cream, and bananas before a performance is worth a try before trying beta blockers. But, again, these are of use to many players and can be a final key for performance success.

UPDATE: This related meme is from a 2012 post by Bruce Hembd:

This is Where I Blow; A WWII Story

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Random nostalgia.

Surfing the ‘net, I found an old black-and-white photo with the title “US serviceman gives a French horn lesson.” A U.S. serviceman is holding his French horn while a civilian woman gets a close look. I love nostalgic photos like these.

At a country fair Sergeant Raymond Ganier, is saying to pretty Miss Verna Short, Pukekohe, NZ who is an admirer of both the French horn and the marine, “This is where I blow”.

http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/french-horn-lesson

It is part of a gallery of photos – “US Forces in New Zealand.” The gallery catalogs old photos from World War II when American forces were based in New Zealand as a part of the Pacific theater of operations.

Podcast on the B-flat Marching French Horn

King B-flat marching hornA topic I have not yet posted on in this site specifically is the B-flat marching French horn. There is certainly confusion out there as to how this instrument might be used in groups, how it is notated, etc., as I frequently see it mentioned in the search terms in the site statistics.

Good news for those searching for information! The episode for this week of The Mellocast (episode 57) is on the topic of the B-flat marching horn. Search for it on iTunes, etc.

I also discuss the instrument briefly my new book A Mello Catechism. In short it is an alternate to the mellophone for marching groups that takes a horn mouthpiece and uses the fingerings of the B-flat side of a double horn (exactly the same fingerings as “thumb down” on a double horn!). It has a big sound! But is now considered “old school” with the dominance of the F mellophone. For more on the mellophone, see this article. 

And note: Bb marching horn music is in F! We read it as though we are using the thumb down fingerings on a double horn.

Top Ten: Favorite Collections

Reviews of some of my favorite things.

Over the years, a handful of French horn music collections and editions have gotten my repeated attention; these are materials that I still go back to and continue to learn from. Being a fan of top ten lists, here is a “my favorites” list in no particular order.

Please note, this is not a comprehensive list nor is it intended to be.

To keep in line with the “top ten” restriction, I had to pick-and-choose; in the process had to leave a few behind. While this list does not include instructional or text books like span style=”font-style: italic;”>The Art of French Horn Playing or Doug Hill’s book or The Breathing Gym (which will be topics for future posts), it does include a hodgepodge of my favorite method, etude and solo collections.

1.) Music Minus One Series

Since my high school days I have been a big fan of this series. I grew up in a lower middle-class household and playing solo repertoire with a pianist was something that could only be afforded a few times a year. After my college days were over, I gave semi-annual recitals for quite a few years. Recently, my outlets for performing solo repertoire have waned and so I look again to satisfy that urge with Music Minus One.

Each volume comes complete with the solo horn and piano sheet music and a CD recording of well-known musicians performing the pieces. Each selection is recorded with the horn playing and without – piano accompaniment only. While not as cool and high-tech as computer tools like SmartMusic, it is infinitely more affordable and practical for students on a limited budget. And they are a lot of fun!

2.) Verne Reynolds: 48 Etudes

Many of the etudes in this book are worthy of public performance, some are quite profound. Each etude is composed as a specific interval study – one slow and one fast etude for each interval within the octave. They are cleverly written and are a worthy challenge for the advanced college student or seasoned professional looking for a mental and physical workout.

3.) Kopprasch: 90 Etudes (Wind Music Edition)

While other editions may be more historically accurate, the Schantl edition of the classic Kopprasch studies (reprinted by Wind Music) remains my favorite edition for several reasons.

First, it is one volume. Second, the etudes are arranged as a “school of transposition”; half of the book is devoted to the “down” transpositions, and the other half to “up” transpositions. Third, it contains a few bonus etudes by Schantl and Gallay. Finally, it has many articulation and note changes, which to my ear are more musically interesting than other editions.

…and it only costs $15.00!

4.) Melodious Etudes for Trombone (Three volumes available)

An superb series of bass clef studies that may be read in either concert or “horn” pitch. Each volume gets progressively more challenging.

I tend to revert to the First Volume as the etudes in the later volumes get a little long-winded and repetitive in their musical language.

5.) 335 Selected Melodious Progressive and Technical Studies for French Horn (Two volumes available)

This two volume set is an excellent value. It offers the a good “bang for your buck.” For the nominal price, you get a wide variety of etudes and solos that will keep you busy for many years.

6.) Gallay: Non-measured Preludes

These preludes never get old – they are unlike anything in the etude repertoire. The performer is free to shape and pace each etude as they see fit making musical decisions “on the fly,” based on personal experience and instinct, or based on a predetermined plan, or a little of each.

John Ericson has blogged on these preludes and his post is worth a read.

7.) Arban: Complete Conservatory Method

Another excellent value. For a relatively nominal price you get a lot of music. This method includes all the basic drills and techniques necessary for performing.

The only shortfalls are the key limitations (it only goes up to 3 sharps or flats) and range (being a trumpet method, it does not go into the lower register for horn). For the enterprising hornist however, these limitations are negligible if transposition skills are utilized.

8.) Ward Fearn: Exercises for Flexible Horn Playing

For many years I used this book for All-State and Regional auditions. On the surface the etudes look easy, but many a careless student has been tripped up by etudes from this book. It specializes in the lower-middle register and on embouchure flexibility in that range.

There is something about the musical language in this volume too that I find very appealing. I utilize the first etude as a flow study on a regular basis.

9.) Milan Yancich: A Practical Guide for French Horn Playing

As a former student of Milan Yancich, this choice for my top-ten list is a biased one. While this volume could be argued as a text book, I am including it here for the simple reason that there is more music than text.

Mr. Yancich was adamant that a student must learn the fundamentals before attempting orchestral excerpts or detailed solo repertoire. While the music notation is rendered with a dated music typewriter (which sometimes produces clumsy-looking notation) the content remains fresh and relevant.

10.) Mason Jones: Solos for Horn Player

If I were to name one solo collection that I have gotten the most use from, this would probably be it. Greg Miller has recorded a CD of this entire collection.

Exercise: Expansion Flow Study

A long tone in disguise.

This download is a PDF version of a long tone exercise which expands on a concept illustrated in a previous post; that a “flow study” may be perceived as a long tone exercise.

It slowly expands range by interval with each set. View this basic PDF as a guideline and not as something etched in stone.

Do not be content with executing this “as is”; simple variations in dynamics, articulations and rhythms can add spice and can bring your own unique flavor to it. The PDF is left relatively blank for this reason.

Exercise: Expansion Flow Study

Review: Horn Crush

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They call them “dent bags” for a reason.

Having crushed my own horn once long ago, Lisa Emrich’s story “My Horn, The Metal Taco” struck a chord. It chronicles her journey into graduate study with Myron Bloom and relates an incident with a fall and a gig bag.

After squishing my own horn in a gig bag, I invested in a much stronger Marcus Bonna case. I still use that case today for my Conn, and for my Yahama I always carry it in the original case. In hindsight I have learned that cheap gig bags are not worth the convenience and short-term savings over long-term repair bills.

Ms. Emrich, the author of the “metal taco” story, is a freelance musician in the Washington D.C. area who lives with and blogs about MS (Multiple Sclerosis). She chronicles her journey of discovery with MS beginning in the post “Eyes in the Back of My Head” at her “Brass and Ivory” blog.

Her “taco tale” lead me to go back to the beginning and read the complete story.

If you are looking for a truly inspirational story, don’t waste your valuable time and money reading a trashy (and by some accounts, semi-fictional) exposé like “Mozart in the Jungle;” Ms. Enrich’s blog is more poignant, well-written, and thought-provoking. She illustrates, among other things, that honesty and a touch of humor can overcome adversity, whether it be an unfortunate physical condition or an unfortunate situation like crushing your horn.

Photo credit: flickr.com/photos/jeremybrooks/2203237064/sizes/m/

Music and Passion

A talk by Benjamin Zander.

A few months ago, my wife was treated to a presentation by Benjamin Zander. She was so impressed that it inspired a very long discussion at home that night – in particular his “one-buttock playing” concepts. This basically a metaphor for “playing on the edge” – not getting too comfy, sitting on your haunches and being lazy in your musical efforts.

Mr. Zander is the charismatic conductor of the Boston Philharmonic and is a brilliant motivational speaker. In this 20-minute video my candid opinion of his Chopin is that it is a bit spastic, but he passionately illustrates great ideas on big picture concepts. There is a certain child-like wonder to Zander that is very refreshing.

If this embedded video does not play for you, go here.